State-of-the-Art: Integrating Fastener Technology and Design Guidelines for Enhanced Performance of Cold-Formed Steel Sections

Cold-formed steel (CFS) elements have gained significant attention in the field of structural engineering due to their numerous advantages, including high strength-to-weight ratio, cost-effectiveness, and ease assembly prefabrication. This review paper presents a comprehensive state-of-the-art analysis design CFS structures, with specific focus on columns beams. The primary objectives aims this are provide detailed assessment factors influencing behavior performance elements, partial composite action, fastener spacing, bolt arrangement, web aperture, stiffeners, connection propose present various formulas methodologies that accurately estimate critical buckling loads, strength, moment resistance for members, emphasize significance proper screw placement preventing premature failure enhancing overall load-carrying capacity structures. Additionally, impact temperature mechanical properties members is discussed. proposes different members. Moreover, highlights importance prevent early improve discussion also emphasizes need revisions existing standards codes more practical guidelines designers engineers. Overall, provides valuable insights recommendations researchers practitioners involved elements.